Heraklion (Iraklion or Herakleion) is the largest city in Crete, as well as the capital of the region and economic centre of Crete island. The first European civilisation, known as the Minoan civilisation, flourished here over 5000 years ago.
Currently, Heraklion has a population of approximately 177,064 people. Heraklion is a very cosmopolitan and dynamic town, particularly during the summer when thousands of visitors come to shop in the market or visit the museums and other places of interest. The city is also a commercial and scientific centre for the island. In recent years, it has made remarkable progress in academic research and technological innovation.
History of Heraklion
Heraklion’s roots trace back to the 820s when Arab traders from al-Andalus founded the city, originally known as Rabḍ al-ḫandaq. Over the centuries, it underwent several transformations, becoming known as Chandax and later Candia during the Venetian era. The name Heraklion was revived in the 19th century, inspired by the ancient sunken city of Heracleion near the Nile’s Canopic Mouth.
Strategically located near the Minoan palace of Knossos, Heraklion has been a focal point since the early Minoan period. It became a significant Byzantine fortress after its reconquest in 960 AD. The city’s fortifications were later enhanced by the Venetians, who bought the city in 1204 following the Fourth Crusade, leading to a flourishing period known as the Cretan Renaissance.
The Ottoman siege from 1648 to 1669 marked one of the longest in history, and the city’s surrender led to a prolonged Ottoman rule, during which the port’s decline shifted the trade to Chania. The modern era saw Heraklion becoming part of the autonomous Cretan State under Ottoman suzerainty in 1898 and then joining the Kingdom of Greece in 1913. Today, Heraklion is the capital of Crete, rich in history and culture
Heraklion Town Map
Discover Heraklion Town is located at Heraklion city. The map below shows the exact spot; Google Maps and Waze give turn-by-turn directions.
Frequently asked questions
Is Heraklion worth visiting?
Absolutely! Heraklion is one of the most beautiful and vibrant cities in Crete, Greece. The city is filled with historical sites, gorgeous architecture, fantastic restaurants and nightlife, and excellent beaches. Plus, it's a great place to explore the culture and meet locals. It's definitely worth a visit!
Does Heraklion have a beach?
Heraklion has stunning beaches that draw visitors from around the world. The best ones include:
- Ammoudara Beach: Located close to the airport, it's a great option for those who are short on time.
- Psaromoura Beach: This is an ideal spot for windsurfing and other water sports activities.
- Ligaria beach: With crystal clear waters and white sand, this beach is perfect for swimming or just relaxing in the sun.
Is Heraklion a party town?
While Heraklion is known for its historical and cultural attractions, it also has a vibrant nightlife scene. The city is home to many lively bars, clubs and cafes where you can enjoy great music and food.
What is the history of Heraklion?
The first European civilisation, known as the Minoan civilisation, flourished here over 5000 years ago.
What is the population of Heraklion?
Currently, Heraklion has a population of approximately 177,064 people.
What is the significance of the Palace of Knossos?
The Palace of Knossos is the most famous archaeological site on the island and was at the centre of an advanced society which inhabited Crete thousands of years ago.
What can be seen at the Archaeological Museum of Heraklion?
The museum houses significant pieces from the Neolithic until the Roman times, including the Minoan civilization's most important artefacts.
What is the Old Town of Heraklion like?
The Old Town is a pedestrian-only area with upscale shops and eateries, and floor-to-ceiling windows that overlook leafy squares complete with fountains and bubbling cafés.
What is the Cathedral of St. Minas?
The Cathedral of St. Minas is a beautiful church located in the Old Town of Heraklion, known for its extensive religious iconography.
What can be found at the Central Market?
The Central Market is a pedestrian-only street that vendors use to display their mountains of clothes, jewellery, and other items spread out onto tables.
What is the Koules Fortress?
The Koules Fortress is a fortress that dates back to the early 16th century and occupies a prominent position on the waterfront of Heraklion.
What is the Natural History Museum of Crete?
The Natural History Museum of Crete is a modern museum located right on the waterfront, highlighting what makes Crete great.
What are the Venetian Walls?
The Venetian Walls are a series of defensive walls and other fortifications that were first built during the Middle Ages and rebuilt by the Republic of Venice.
What is the Morosini Fountain?
The Morosini Fountain is situated in the middle of Heraklion's Old Town and it provides a great starting point if you want to explore the narrow streets nearby.
What is the Loggia?
The Loggia is Heraklion's town hall, with its preserved Venetian architecture, considered one of Crete's best buildings and is free to enter.
What is the average temperature in Heraklion city?
The average temperature in Heraklion city ranges from 15°C (59°F) in winter to 29°C (84°F) in summer.
Where is Heraklion city located?
Heraklion city is located on the north coast of the island of Crete, Greece.
What is the nearest airport to Heraklion city?
The nearest airport to Heraklion city is Heraklion International Airport "Nikos Kazantzakis" (HER), which is located about 5 km (3 miles) east of the city center.
What are some popular attractions in Heraklion city?
Some popular attractions in Heraklion city include the Palace of Knossos, the Heraklion Archaeological Museum, the Venetian Walls and Fortress, the Koules Fortress, and the Natural History Museum of Crete.
